Erratum: Tape Shortening for Recurrent Stress Urinary Incontinence After Transobturator Tape Sling: 3-Year Follow-up Results / 대한배뇨장애요실금학회지

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Tape Shortening for Recurrent Stress Urinary Incontinence After Transobturator Tape Sling: 3-Year Follow-up Results / 대한배뇨장애요실금학회지

PURPOSE: Recently, as the number of transobturator tape (TOT) procedures has increased, recurrence after this procedure has been frequently reported. However, there are no standard guidelines for treatment. We describe our experience with shortening the previously implanted tape in patients with recurrent stress urinary incontinence after the TOT procedure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We enrolled 10 women who underwent shortening of the previously implanted tape and were followed up for 3 years. Shortening of the previously implanted tape was done by a figure-eight suture with 1-0 Prolene. One year after TOT shortening, we investigated continence status, patient satisfaction by means of a questionnaire, maximal flow rate (Qmax), and postvoid residual urine volume. Three years after TOT shortening, we evaluated continence status and patient satisfaction. RESULTS: The mean period of TOT shortening was 4.2 months (range, 1-12 months) after the TOT procedure. One year after TOT shortening, 7 patients showed complete dryness, 2 patients showed improvement, and 1 patient reported failure. Eight patients were very satisfied or satisfied with the 1-year result after TOT shortening. The mean preoperative and postoperative Qmax were 23.8 and 26.7ml/s, respectively, and there was no significant difference. Three years after TOT shortening, 6 patients showed complete dryness, 2 patients showed improvement, and 2 patients reported failure. Among them,1 had failed from 1 year after TOT shortening and the other had shown 1 year of complete dryness. Eight patients were very satisfied or satisfied and 2 patients were dissatisfied with the 3-year result after TOT shortening. CONCLUSION: Most of the patients who underwent TOT shortening reported satisfaction as well as improvement of incontinence after a 3-year follow up. Therefore, we suggest that TOT shortening may be recommended primarily in patients with recurrent stress urinary incontinence after the TOT sling procedure.

Effects of Calcium Antagonists on the PC12 Cell Damage Induced by Hypoxia

Hypoxia-induced cell damage is known to be mediated by increase in intracellular calcium. In the present study, the effect of calcium channel blockers on the hypoxia-induced cell damage was investigated in iat pheochromocytoma cells line, PC12 cells. The cultured cells were exposed to hypoxia under 95% N2 plus 5% C02 gas phase and incubated in the media devoid of fetal bovine seruril The cell demage was assessed by measuring the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) from the cells into the incubation media. Exposure of the cells to hypoxia for 2 hours caused a 28% of the total LDH to be released from cells -into media. The pretreatment of the cells with 1 mM each of diltiazem, nifedipine, and verapamil depressed the LDH release to the extent of 52%, 42%, and 30% inhibition, respectively. The inhibitory effects of diltiazem and verapamil were more marked at 1 mM than at 10 mM. The influx of 45 Ca2+ into the cells was rapidly increased within 2 minutes after exposure of the cells to hypoxia. Diltiazem at 1 mM almost completely inhibited Ca2+ influx, while nifedipine and verapamil exhibited only, 30% inhibition of Ca2- influx. The results lend support to the notion that mcreased intracellular calcium triggers a series of cascade reactions leadmg to cell death. It is suggested that the inhibitory effects of various calcium antagonists on hypoxia-induced cell damage differ from each other in their potency.